Chiang Dao (Tham) [CM0001]
19.393908,98.927771
Location
Tham Chiang Dao is a perhaps the best known cave in northern Thailand. The cave is located at the base of Doi Chiang Dao, 5 km west of Chiang Dao town. The cave is inside the temple at the centre of Ban Tham. A small charge is levied at the cave entrance to cover maintenance costs for the electric lighting system while guides with lanterns can be hired inside the cave for anyone wishing to explore the unlit sections.
Description
There are two clearly defined passage levels and several places where water is encountered briefly, but there are no extensive stream passages and the resurgence cannot be entered. The passages appear to trend either north-west or west. The water encountered in the north-west trending passages may derive partly from Tham Bae Bet, but no tracing has been carried out over the intervening 11km. The well-decorated main passage, which is open to tourists is called Tham Nam (Water Cave) and is electrically lit for about 400m. Several, mostly tight, side passages to the east lead to four other entrances in the cliff face north of Tham Chiang Dao. Beyond the developed passages a spacious 5m wide by 5m high passage encounters water even in the dry season and eventually ends in sumps. The large fossil passages are encountered 40m and 120m from the entrance; visitors are welcome to enter both of these fossil passages and guides with lamps may be hired for a 100 baht charge. The passage at 40m, Tham Maa (Horse Cave - referred to as Reseau Superieur by Deharveng) is horizontal and about 15m above the entrance series and 30m above resurgence level. After 200m it branches to the west and north, with a small intermediate level (Reseau Moyen). The passage 120m from the entrance, Tham Kaew (Crystal Cave - Reseau Guano) is mostly horizontal and is at the same level as Tham Nam. Tham Kaew ends after 500m at a siphon and, above, a steep rock fall dropping into an enclosed chamber. A few ways on remain to be explored, in particular the gallery located 60m upstream of the terminal sump of the active system, where the French were stopped by a pitch up in a zone of fallen rocks. The area of the sumps also need to be investigated again at the end of the dry season. Tham Chiang Dao appears to be the major resurgence for water falling on the Doi Chiang Dao mountain, which at 2,225m is the third highest mountain in Thailand. The mountain has a depth potential of up to 1,755m with the highest known entrance on the mountain (Shaft PL09) at 2,215m while Tham Chiang Dao is at 460m. Local legend maintains that the cave extends for 10 to 14km.
To do
A few ways on remain to be explored, in particular the gallery located 60 m upstream of the terminal sump of the active system, where we were stopped by a pitch up in a zone of fallen rocks. The area of the sumps are equally to be seen again at the end of the dry season.
Topographie
WINDECKER, R.C.; MANGKRONTONG, N.; SIRIWITAYAKORN, S.; CHIRAPRAPOOSAK, S. (1975) DUNKLEY, JOHN ROBERT (1983) - BCRA Grade 2 - Grade UISv2 2-1-A THAILAND KARST HYDOLOGIC SURVEY (1984) DEHARVENG, LOUIS; GOUZE, ALAIN (1983a) DEHARVENG, LOUIS; GOUZE, ALAIN (1983b) DEHARVENG, LOUIS ET AL. (1986) - UIS Grade 4 (APS 1981-1985) - Grade UISv2 3-3-A RIKA, SANGTHONG; RIKA, SUMATHIE (n.d.) ELLIS, MARTIN (2009) - based on Deharveng et al. (1986) Ellis, Martin; Laumanns, Michael (2017)
Fauna
Bandona palpalis Roewer, 1927 (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Opiliones, Assamioidea, Assamiidae) (Suzuki and Stone 1986) Megachernes trautneri Schawaller, 1994 (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Cheliferoidea, Chernetidae) û type locality (Schawaller 1994) Eukoenenia thais CondÚ, 1988 (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Palpigradi, Eukoenenioidea, Eukoeneniidae) - type locality (CondÚ 1988) Systaria lannops Jõger, 2018 (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneae, Clubionidae) (Jõger 2018) Althepus tibiatus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1985 (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) û type locality (Deeleman-Reinhold 1985) Theotima minutissima (Petrunkevitch, 1929) (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) (Deeleman-Reinhold 1995) Nesticella beccus Grall et Jõger, 2016 (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneae, Nesticidae) (Grall and Jõger 2016) Nesticodes rufipes (Lucas, 1846) (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneae, Theridiidae) (Deharveng and Bedos 2000) Scolopendra dehaani Brandt, 1840 (Arthropoda, Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) (Siriwut et al. 2016) Tylopus perarmatus Hoffman, 1973 (Arthropoda, Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) (Likhitrakarn et al. 2010) Eutrichodesmus gremialis Hoffman, 1982 (Arthropoda, Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Haplodesmidae) û type locality (Hoffman 1982) Tropocyclops prasinus (Fischer, 1860) (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Maxilliopoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae) (Deharveng and Bedos 2000) Elaphoidella namnaoensis Brancelj, Watiroyram et Sanoamuang, 2010 (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Maxilliopoda, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae) (Watiroyram et al. 2015b) Epactophanes richardi Mrßzek, 1893 (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Maxilliopoda, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae) (Watiroyram et al. 2015b) Exalloniscus beroni Taiti et Ferrara, 1988 (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Malacostraca, Isopoda, Oniscidea, Oniscidae) û type locality (Taiti and Ferrara 1988) Folsomides parvulus Stach, 1922 (Arthropoda, Entognatha, Entomobryomorpha, Isotomidae) (Deharveng and Bedos 2000) Folsomina onychiurina Denis, 1931 (Arthropoda, Entognatha, Entomobryomorpha, Isotomidae) (Deharveng and Bedos 2000) Salina pulchella Goto, 1955 (Arthropoda, Entognatha, Entomobryomorpha, Paronellidae) (Yosii 1961) Troglopedetes fredstonei Deharveng 1988 (Arthropoda, Entognatha, Entomobryomorpha, Paronellidae) û type locality (Deharveng 1988b) Troglopedetes leclerci Deharveng, 1990 (Arthropoda, Entognatha, Entomobryomorpha, Paronellidae) û type locality (Deharveng 1990) Pseudosinella chiangdaoensis Deharveng, 1990 (Arthropoda, Entognatha, Entomobryomorpha, Entomobryoidae) û type locality (Deharveng 1990) Coecobrya guanophila Deharveng, 1990 (Arthropoda, Entognatha, Entomobryomorpha, Entomobryoidae) û type locality (Deharveng 1990) Coecobrya similis Deharveng, 1990 (Arthropoda, Entognatha, Entomobryomorpha, Entomobryoidae) (Deharveng 1990) Acherontiella colotlipana Palacios-Vargas et Thibaud, 1985 (Arthropoda, Entognatha, Poduromorpha, Hypogastruridae) (Thibaud 1990) Arrhopalites anulifer Nayrolles, 1990 (Arthropoda, Entognatha, Symphypleona, Katiannoidea, Arrhopalitidae) (Nayrolles 1990) Arrhopalites chiangdaoensis Nayrolles, 1990 (Arthropoda, Entognatha, Symphypleona, Katiannoidea, Arrhopalitidae) û type locality (Nayrolles 1990) Bironium troglophilum L÷bl, 1990 (Arthropoda, Insecta, Coleoptera, Scaphidiidae) (L÷bl 1990) Crypsithyris spelaea Meyrick, 1908 (Arthropoda, Insecta, Lepidoptera, Tineidae) (Deharveng and Bedos 2000) Tinea antricola Meyrick, 1924 (Arthropoda, Insecta, Lepidoptera, Tineidae) (Deharveng and Bedos 2000) Wegneria cerodelta (Meyrick, 1911) (Arthropoda, Insecta, Lepidoptera, Tineidae) (Deharveng and Bedos 2000) Liposcelis bostrychophilus Badonnel, 1931 (Arthropoda, Insecta, Pscoptera, Liposcelidae) (Deharveng and Bedos 2000) Liposcelis entomophilus Enderlein, 1907 (Arthropoda, Insecta, Pscoptera, Liposcelidae) (Deharveng and Bedos 2000) Psocathropos microps (Enderlein, 1903) (Arthropoda, Insecta, Pscoptera, Psyllipsocidae) (Deharveng and Bedos 2000) Culex (Culiciomyia) harrisoni Sirivanakorn, 1977 (Arthropoda, Insecta, Diptera, Culicidae) û type locality (Sirivanakarn 1977) Suncus murinus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Chordata, Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae) (Roguin 1988) Eonycteris spelaea (Dobson, 1871) (Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) (Yenbutra and Felton 1986) Macroglossus sobrinus K. Andersen, 1911 (Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) (Yenbutra and Felton 1986) Rousettus leschenaulti (Desmarest, 1820) (Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) (Yenbutra and Felton 1986) Rhinolophus pusillus lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990 (Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae) (Roguin 1988) Aselliseus stoliczkanus Dobson, 1871 (Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae) (Blood and McFarlane 1988) Hipposideros armiger (Hodgson, 1835) (Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae) (Roguin 1988; Thomas 1913) Hipposideros diadema (+. Geoffroy, 1813) (Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae) (Yenbutra and Felton 1986) Hipposideros lylei Thomas, 1913 (Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera, Hipposideridae) û type locality (Roguin 1988; Thomas 1913) Pipistrellus paterculus (Thomas, 1915) (Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) (Roguin 1988)
Documents
[Topo] Chiang Dao 04/05/2019Bibliography 25/06/2019
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Phnom Penh No. 4 pp168-185 +BUMRUNGSRI, SARA; HARRISON, DAVID L.; SATASOOK, CHUTAMAS; PRAJUKJITR, AMORN; THONG-AREE, SIRIPORN; BATES, PAUL J.J. (2006) "A Review of Bat Research in Thailand with eight New Species Records for the Country" Acta Chiropterologica Vol. 8 No. 2 pp325-359 +CHINTAPITASAKUL, LERDCHAI; CHOENGERN, NIMIT; BUMRUNGSRI, SARA; CHALAMAT, MUTITA; MOLEE, LAMUL; PARCHARIYANON, SUJIRA; RATANAMUNGKLANON, SOMCHUAN; KONGSUWAN, KRITAYA (2012) ôRT-PCR survey of emerging Paramyxoviruses in Cave-dwelling Batsö Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine Vol. 42 No. 1 pp29-36 +CISCO [PSEUD.]; STUCK [PSEUD.] (2001) "The Thailand Trip of 2000" www.wmceg.freeserve.co.uk/reports/thailand.htm +CLARAC, A.; PAGAU-CLARAC, H. (1985) "Thailande: Guide Touristique" DK Book House, Bangkok ISBN 974-2104-174 508pp +CLARK, SANDY (2004) "Speleology Made Easy Just Outside Chiang Mai" Chiang Mai Mail Vol. 3 No. 6 13-19 November 2004 +COGGAN, MARJORIE; DUNKLEY, JOHN ROBERT; ANDERSON, NEIL (EDS.) 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(2001) "Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterrudae)ö Brill, Leiden, 591pp +DEHARVENG, LOUIS (1985) "Echo des Profondeurs. Etranger. Thailande. ExpÚdition Thai-Maros 1985" Spelunca Vol. 5 No. 20 p15 +DEHARVENG, LOUIS (1987) "Cave Collembola of South-East Asia" Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology Vol. 3 No. 2 pp165-174 +DEHARVENG, LOUIS (1988) "A New Troglomorphic Collembola from Thailand: Troglopedetes fredstonei, n. sp. (Collembola: Paronellidae)" Bishop Museum Occasional Papers No. 28 pp95-98 +DEHARVENG, LOUIS (1990) "Fauna of Thai Caves II: New Entomobryoides Collembola from Chiang Dao Cave, Thailand" Bishop Museum Occasional Papers No. 30 pp279-287 +DEHARVENG, LOUIS; BEDOS, ANNE (2000) "The Cave Fauna of Southeast Asia. Origin, Evolution and Ecology" in WILKENS, H.; CULVER, D.C.; HUMPHREYS W.F. (eds.) "Ecosystems of the World Vol. 30: Subterranean Ecosystems" Elsevier Sciences B.V. ISBN 0 444 82299 2 pp603-632 +Deharveng, Louis; Gouze, Alain (1981) "La Thailande" Speleo Club de L'Aude Lo Bramavenc No. 2 June 1980 pp56-58 +DEHARVENG, LOUIS; GOUZE, ALAIN (1983a) "Grottes et Karsts des Environs de Chiang Mai (Thailande)" Karstologia No. 2 pp55-60 +DEHARVENG, LOUIS; GOUZE, ALAIN (1983b) "ExpÚdition en Thailande - Rapport Speleologique" Privately circulated report +DEHARVENG, LOUIS ET AL. (1986) "ExpÚdition Tha´-Maros 85" Association PyrÚnÚenne de SplÚologie, Toulouse ISBN 2-906273-00-7 +DEHARVENG, LOUIS; LECLERC, PHILIPPE (1989) "Recherches sur les Faunes Cavernicoles d'Asie du Sud-est" MÚmoires de BiospÚologie Vol. 16 No. 43 pp91-110 +DELANGE, P. 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Histoire
The cave has been known for over 1,000 years and most caving expeditions to the region have visited it. 1913-01 T.H. Lyle collected bats in the cave. Although the famous meditation monk Ajarn Man is said to have resided at Tham Chiang Dao it was actually in another cave higher up the mountain. The cave was also visited by Ajarn Lee, a disciple of Ajarn Man. 1967 Fred Stone collected in the cave 1969-12-11 B.A. Harrison and K. Mongkolpanya collected type series of Culex (Culiciomyia) harrisoni Sirivanakorn, 1977 1972-12-27 Fred Stone collected holotype of Althepus tibiatus 1972-1973 The first proper survey of the cave was by Windecker et al. who surveyed 2,150 m of passage 1978-04-06 H. Kusch & I. Staber 1980-12-25 L. Deharveng - biological collecting 1981-07 F. Stone - biological collecting 1984 the Americans of the Thailand Karst Hydrologic Project surveyed the cave. 1981-1985 The most thorough exploration and survey by the Association PyrÚnÚenne de SpÚlÚologie 1985-07-08 L. Deharveng - biological collecting 1985-07-12 F. Stone - biological collecting 1986-07-05 F. Stone - biological collecting 2005-04-22 M. Ellis & Y. Sopha 2014-06-24 P. Jaegr, S. Li & E. Grall - collecting spiders
Cavités proche
| Distance (km) | Nom | Longueur (m) | Profondeur (m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0 | Tham Ngorb - CM0160 | ||
| 0.0 | Tham Sua Dao [Tham Sia Dao] [Tham Tai Ger] [Grotte du Tigre} [CM0004] | 116 | 2 |
| 0.3 | Tham Ki Nok - CM0002 | 695 | 76 |
| 1.1 | Tham Pak Sung [Tham Pok Soong] [Tham Pbak Sung] [CM0021] | 20 | 0 |
| 1.1 | Tham Pak Piang [Tham Pak Pbiang] [Tham Pok Piang] [CM0020] | 90 | 18 |
| 1.1 | Cave CHD14 - CM0064 | 10 | 0 |
| 1.2 | White Buddha Cave [Tham Bia] [Grotte du Boudha blanc] [CM0022] | 110 | 11 |
| 1.3 | Tham Pha Plong - CM0003 | 25 | 0 |
| 2.6 | Cave PL29 - CM0229 | 56 | 32 |