Križna jama

Histoire

Zgodovina raziskav Prvotno ime jame je Mrzla jama pri Ložu. Sinonimi so še Mrzla jama pod Križno goro, Križna jama, Stara Križna jama. Današnje ime je jama dobila po Cerkvi Svetega Križa, ki leži na bližnjem hribu, ki mu je cerkev tudi “dala ime” (Križna gora). Prvi znani obiskovalci so bili ljudje iz časa kovinskih dob. Arheologi so v vhodnih delih našli precej starih keramik, najstarejše so stare skoraj 5 tisoč let (iz časa eneolitika, okrog 2800 pr. Kr.). Ljudje niso v jami bivali, ampak so jo rabili kot skrivališče. Začetki turizma so močno povezani z raziskovanjem – oziroma ju lahko marsikdaj celo enačimo. Prvi podpisi – dokazi “obiska” jame – so iz leta 1557. V naslednjih stoletjih so okoliški prebivalci obiskovali jamo stalno, a poredko. Ogledovali so si vhodne predele. Večina ni prišla niti do 1. jezera. Z odkritjem kosti jamskega medveda so se obiski jame povečali in iz jame je bilo odnesenih veliko kosti in kapniškega inventarja. Najstarejši znani tiskani vir o jami je poročilo J. J. Tobina iz leta 1832. Prvi znani opis jame s skico je iz leta 1838. Njegov avtor je J. Cerar, ki je jamo poznal do I. jezera. Pozneje so raziskovanja nadaljevali Škoflic, Schmidl, Schulze in F. von Hochstetter, ki je izdelal načrt in podroben opis začetnih delov jame ter izkopal preko 2000 kosti jamskega medveda, ostanke nekaj sto medvedov. Dlje od prvega jezera so prvi prišli leta 1926 dijaki ljubljanske realke iz Šiške pod vodstvom profesorja Prezlja, ki je bil po rodu iz Loža, ter posamezni domačini iz Loške doline in okolice. V letih pred drugo vojno so v jami raziskoval in o njej objavljali članke; R. Badiura, B. Brinšek, I. Michler, P. Kunaver, F. Bar, R. Kenk, A. Kraševec, J. Kos in Bohinec. Leta 1934 so jamarji pod vodstvom A. Šerka “zavzeli” Kristalno goro, prišli do končne dvorane Pisanega rova in odkrili Blatni rov. Društvo za raziskovanje jam Slovenije (DZRJS) je v petdesetih, šestdesetih in sedemdesetih letih 20. stoletja dalje izdelalo natančnejši načrt in odkrilo nove dele jame (Markov rov in Tršanov rov). Merili so globine jezer, vodni pretok in kemijske lastnosti vode. Jamo so fotografirali. Med letoma 1970 in 1990 so domačini ter jamarji različnih slovenskih in tujih društev odkrivali nove dele jame in se potapljali v odtočni sifon v Kittlovih breznih. Med letoma 1990 in 2003 sta bili v jami najbolj dejavni Jamarsko društvo Karlovica in Društvo ljubiteljev Križne jame: odkriti so bili novi rovi, čiščenje jame, fotografiranje. Potapljači so v odtočnem sifonu v 2. Kittlovem breznu leta 2003 dosegli globino 70 m. BTH - 09/01/2024

History of exploration The original name of the cave is the Cold cave in Lož (Mrzla jama pri Ložu). Synonims are also Cold cave under Križna mountain (Mrzla jama pod Križno goro), Križna cave, Old Križna cave. Today the cave is named after the church of Holy cross (Cerkev Svetega križa), which is on a nearby hill. The first known visitors were people from metallic ages. The proof of their occupancy is archeological remains like pottery, the oldest of which is almost 5 thousand years old (Eneolithic, about 2800 B. C.) and was discovered in the water parts of the cave. The beginning of tourism is strongly entangled with exploration – often we can even equate them. First written proof of cave visit was recorded in 1557. In the following centuries the cave was constantly, but rarely visited. The most looked at were the entry areas as most of the people didn’t even reach the first lake. With the discovery of cave bear remains the amount of tourism rose but many remains were carried out of the cave. The oldest known printed source about the cave is a report from J.J. Tobin, which was made in 1832. The first known description with an added sketch sources from the year 1838. Its author is J. Cerar, who knew the cave up to the first lake. The exploration was followed by Škoflic, Schmidl, Schulze and F. von Hochstetter, who created a plan and a detailed description of the first parts of the cave, and excavated over 2000 bones and bone pieces of cave bear – remains, which belonged to more than 100 bears. The first lake wasn’t passed until 1962 by students of secondary school from Ljubljana Šiška under the guidance of professor Prezelj, who was born in Lož, and individual locals from the Loka valley and its surroundings. The cave was researched and published before the second world war; by R. Badiura, B. Brinšek, I. Michler, P. Kunaver, F. Bar, R. Kenk, A. Kraševec, J. Kos and Bohinec. Under the guidance of A. Šerk the crystal mountain was »conquered« by cavers in 1934. They also reached the final hall of the Pisani tunnel and discovered the Blatni tunnel. Slovenian speleological society (DZRJS) produced a more detailed map of the cave and discovered its new parts (Mark’s tunnel and Tršanov’s tunnel) in 50’s, 60’s and 70’s of the 20th century. The depth of the lakes and water flow and chemical properties of the water were measured. The cave was also photographed. During 1970 and 1990 the locals and cavers of different Slovenian and foreign clubs discovered new paths and halls of the cave and dove into the siphon of Kittlow wells (Kittlova brezna). Between 1990 and 2003 the most active was Speleological society of Karlovec and the Assotiation of Križna cave lovers: they discovered new tunnels, cleaned the cave and photographed it. In 2003 divers reached the depth of 70 meters in the 2nd Kittel’s well siphon. BTH - 09/01/2024

Accident spéléo Le 9 janvier 2024, "cinq personnes coincées dans une grotte en Slovénie depuis samedi ont été sauvées" : www.observatoiredeleurope.com/cinq-personnes-coinc… BTH - 09/01/2024